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       [J] 
 
   Inorganic Osmolality-Patterns of Divergence.  S.H. Shakman 

Observed maximum osmolality (OS)* is compared with maximum
volume increase (DV) per equation (after Flint) DV=(gpl/k) 
(Vhz/2Vaz)-1), when gpl=grams-per-liter anhydrous solute,         
k=520, and Vhz &            OS/DV VALUES FOR INORGANIC COMPOUNDS 
Vaz=resp. sums of         ION: SO4-- Cl-  NO3- OH-  Br-  I-   Cl:
hydrated (Vh) & an-       Cs+        3.10                      SO4
hydrous (Va) ionic        Li+        3.61 
volumes. Note pat-        K+   2.86  7.38 2.79 3.78 5.13 4.06  2.6
terns for divalent        Na+  1.40  4.36 1.90 2.70 2.87       3.1
positive ions with        NH4+ 1.53  4.01                      2.6
SO4--; monovalent         H+   3.37  3.46 2.14                 1.0
positive ions with        Ag+             1.27 
Cl-; ratios between       Pb++            1.21 
values listed for         Cd++  .95  1.30                      1.4
K+ & Na+ with             Mg++ 1.39  4.38                      3.2
monovalent negative       Ba++       4.13 
ions; and ratios          Ca++      19.36 
between values for        Co++       3.26 
for Cl- & SO4--           Sr++       7.46 
with monovalent           Cu++  .84 
positive ions.            Mn++ 1.01 
                          Ni++  .94 
                          Zn++  .95 
                          K:Na 2.0   1.7  1.5  1.4  1.8            
  

*CRC HANDBOOK,1985,D221-. **FLINT,L.H., Behavior Patterns of
Hydration(1964): Wa=2(Z[atomic #]+C[valence]); Wh=Wa+18H; H=
23n-(Z+C) [H=23 to 0, n=1 to 4]; Vh=Wh/(1+(Wa/Wh));Va=Wa/2. 

Flint has suggested tht K+ may act as a catalyst for chemical 
processes involved in metabolism.

Encyclopedia Britannica, 1985(?, under blood?), p. 679, Table:

Concentrations of Potassium and Sodium Ions in 
Plasma and Red Cells of Certain Vertebrates 
(milli-equiv. per 1000 ml):                     
          K+_______________   Na+_______________
          red cells  plasma   red cells   plasma
Man         95         4         19        136
Dog          8         4         97        143
Chicken    119         6         18        154  

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