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Osmosis: Mechanics/Physiology. S.H. Shakman
1.Observed max.osmolality* vs MODELS OF SOLUTE BEHAVIOR
calculated volume increase**[DV] Compound Error: YK DV
yields agreement comparable to Acetic Acid -.07 .05
free energies of hydration per Acetone -.09 -.02
Kang model***[YK], for the 8 Ethanol -.10 .07
compounds in both Kang and CRC. Ethylene Glycol -.20 .08
2.Result supports concept of Glycerol -.34 -.08
osmolality as active mechanical Methanol -.16 -.05
force to be precisely understood 1-Propanol -.06 .18
and (eventually) manipulated. 2-Propanol .00 -.08
3.This would appear to relate to metabolic processes e.g.:
-- Ling:" it is postulated that localized changes in the
osmotic activity of water (concomitant with the release of K+
ions in one area and depolarization of water in another) [may]
provide the major force for muscle contraction"****;
--Diamond:"evidence is now compelling [that] osmotic force
developed by active solute transport [may comprise] the
mechanism by which water transport is coupled to [the] active
solute transport".****
*CRC HANDBOOK, 1985-6, p. D221+.
**FLINT,L,1964:
DV=(gpl/520)((Vhz/2Vaz)-1);
Wa[anhydrous wt.]=2(Z[atomic #] +C[valence]); Wh=Wa+18H;
H[hydration #]=23n-(Z+C) [H=23 to 0, n=1 to 4];
Vh=Wh/(1+(Wa/Wh)); Va=Wa/2.]
***Kang,Y.K.,etal.,J.PHYS.CHEM.91(1987)4114.[NIA(AG-00322)]
****LING,G.N,In Search of Physical Basis of Life(1984)584.
*****Diamond,J., in Alfred Benzon Symposium 15(1981), p.355.
Gilbert N. Ling, In Search of the Chemical Basis of Life:
p. xxvi: ... conclusion that the widely aceptedmembrane pump
theory of the livingcell is incorrect."
p. 572: "... present model, wherein the contractile force
depends on an osmotic gradient. ... How precisely this water
activity reduction affects contraction is not known nd may
prove to be a fruitful area for future research. "
p. 582: "How is [the] potential energy trapped in the resting
muscle made to perform mechanical work? A rough estimate shows
that the theoretically calculated osmotic force may be adequate.
... Suffice it to recognize that the anticipated osmotic force
is quite adequate to meet the maximum need demanded by the force
of contracting muscle."
p. 584: "Finally, it is postulated that localized changes in the
osmotic activity of water (concomitant with the release of K+
ions in one area and depolarization oaf water in another provide
the major force for muscle contraction,."
RRESIDENCE OF OSMOLALITY IN THE DOMAIN OF PHYSIOLOGY
The generally acknowledged importance (and domicile) of osmolality
within the context of biology.
Correlations of osmolality with physiology of nutrients and
other substances may facilitate deriving beneficial nutritional
and other interventions.
IOS
BOOKS
Copyright 1989
S H
Shakman. All rights reserved.
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