PREPARATION OF "THERMAL" ANTIBODY  [54R1, p. 196]


"... Thermal antibody used in treatment was also prepared by


autoclaving for 3 hours at 17 lbs. pressure the NaCl solution


suspensions containing 10 billion streptococci per ml.


[representing a 100-fold dilution; per 48R5] from the respective


dense suspensions in glycerine-NaCl solution after adding 1.5 per


cent hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], bringing the reaction to pH 7.0 with


sodium hydroxide." [54R1, p. 196]






CONTINUING THERAPY FOR SEVERELY PARALYZED POLIO VICTIMS [54R1-204]


"... it is suggested that the administration of the poliomyelitis


streptococcal thermal antibody ised with favorable results in the


treatment of acute epidemic poliomyelitis be extended to persons


having severe paralytic poliomyelitis long after onset and who


according to the cutaneous tests have antigen in excessive titer


and, according to cutaneous and agglutinative tests, have antibody


in deficient titer."






VIRUS COMPARED TO FILTRABLE AGENT IN POLIO  [54R1, 204-5]


   Polio:   "The results of combined studies of the filtrable virus


and the specific type of streptococcus in both epidemic and


experimental poliomyelitis indicate that what has been considered


as the virus is but the small filtrable, mildly antigenic but


highly invasive phase of the specific type of the non-filtrable,


highly toxicogenic, antigenic, neurotropic alpha streptococcus. 


Exceedingly small spheres, ovoids and diplococcal forms sometimes


in small chains have been demonstrated in unstained films in


filtrates of the virus with the electron microscope ... [and] as


many as 40 of such forms in radial formation in the capsular


substance of the streptococcus suggestive of extrusions as grown in



dextrose brain broth have been demonstrated after special staining


with the electron microscope.  That these minute diplococci are


capable of growing into the mature streptococcus under favorable


conditions may be the explanation as to why growth of streptococci


in serial dilution cultures in dextrose brain broth often occurs in


dilutions far greater than what would be possible from the


mathematical calculations of the number of mature forms revealed by


the light microscope.






STREPTOCOCCUS CULTURED FROM FILTRATES OF POLIO VIRUS  [54R1]


  "In attempts to determine whether the small diplococcal forms


which have been demonstrated in filtrates of poliomyelitis virus


represent in fact the filtrable phase of the streptococcus and not


a separate entity, rhesus monkeys were inoculated intracerebrally


with filtrates of the virus and cultures were made in dextrose


brain broth from such filtrates and from the spinal fluid. Pure


cultures of the streptocuccus were isolated from the filtrates in


significant incidence in dextrose brain broth and no growth


occurred in conventional mediums.  The spinal fluid was found free


from cells and bacteria and cultures were negative before and


during the quiescent period of incubation but as fever, tremors and


stacatto voice developed, but not yet paralysis, the streptococcus


became readily demonstrable in appropriately stained films of the


spinal fluid and was isolated in pure culture.  This important


finding has apparently been missed by investigators who have


studied poliomyelitis from the purely virus standpoint.  then in


the inoculated monkeys as in epidemic poliomyelitis, the


streptococcus disappeared from the spinal fluid as paralysis


developed, but was isolated consistently from and demonstrated in


the lesions of the spinal cord after death.


  "It appears therefore that the primary infection in nasopharynx


and perhaps in the intestinal tract in epidemic poliomyelitis is


streptococcal in accord with the predominant occurrence of


epidemics in summer when the streptococcus normally present in


human beings and in nature tends to acquire neurotropic or


poliomyelitis properties in temperate climates.  As such infection


occurs, the 'virus' or filtrable, highly invasive phase of the


streptococcus may develop and which because extremely small


penetrates the blood-brain-barrier where in turn it reverts in part


into the highly toxicogenic, antigenic streptococcal phase as fever


and symptoms of poliomyelitis develop.


.........................................................


  "... the virus has in fact been produced experimentally from the


streptococcus and shown to be the small, filtrable, highly


invasive, relatively non-antigenic phase of the much larger, highly


toxicogenic, antigenic, neurotropic streptococcus." [54R1, 204-5]






POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE; SUCCESSFUL PROPHYLAXIS  [54R1-205]


  Poliomyelitis streptococcal vaccine and thermal antibody have


been used successfully for the prevention of poliomyelitis in


family groups [Rappaport B, Journal-Lancet 68:395-7; Quart. Bull.,


Northwestern U. Med. School, Shicago, 1954, 28:57], and monkeys


have been immunized against inoculation of highly virulent virus


with vaccine prepared from the poliomyelitis type of streptococcus


[Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clinic, 13:328-330.]"